BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS INCLUDING CONDITIONS OF MASSIVE BLEEDING, URGENT AND MASSIVE TRANSFUSION

Kiril Lazov; Maja Spirova

Kiril Lazov PHI Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Skopje, North Macedonia
Maja Spirova PHI University Clinic for Psychiatry, Skopje, North Macedonia

Abstract

In situations involving major blood loss, early diagnosis and effective intervention are essential in preventing the development of hypovolemic shock and its consequences. Rapid provision of blood and blood components may be of vital importance. Key prerequisites include efficient interdisciplinary communication, documentation and investigation of all events associated with massive blood loss, implementation of clinical and laboratory protocols for the management of major hemorrhage, and appropriate pretransfusion testing including determination of ABO blood group and RhD antigen as well as cross matching including the anti human globulin phase. In emergency situations, the following may be administered: O RhD negative uncrossmatched blood, ABO and RhD specific uncrossmatched blood, or ABO and RhD specific blood with incomplete crossmatch.

Keywords: blood grouping and cross matching, emergency treatment, blood group incompatibility, blood component transfusion, hemorrhagic shock

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