SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LUNG CANCER PATIENTS IN NORTH MACEDONIA

  • Ljubica Dimitrievska Institute of Epidemiology and Biostatistics with Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine ,Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia
  • Irina Pavlovska Institute of Epidemiology and Biostatistics with Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia
  • Julijana Stefanovska University Clinic for Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia
  • Aleksandra Stamenova Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia
  • Meliha Nehteparova University Clinic for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia

Abstract

Lung cancer disease is one of the most common causes of mortality in the world, coming right after cardiovascular diseases. It is a big and is a special problem in the highly developed countries, especially in the USA, but also in developing countries. The reason for the research is the fact that the number of newly diagnosed and death cases from lung cancer is constantly growing, especially in the last few years. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of socio-demographic factors in the occurrence of lung cancer (gender, age, national and ethnic origin, place of residence) and smoking as the main risk factor associated with this neoplasm. The research is a descriptive study in which 82 patients with pathohistologically confirmed lung cancer participated. It was implemented at the Institute for Oncology and Radiotherapy at the clinical center in Skopje for a period of 3 months. A total of 82 patients were registered from Instutute for Oncology and Raditherapy in Skopje, North Macedonia who were diagnosed with primary lung cancer. Of all, 64.7% of them were males and 35.3% were females. Histologically, 51.2% had adenocarcinoma, 25.6 had squamous cell carcinoma, 20.7% had small cell carcinoma and 7.4% had no small cell carcinoma. It was observed that the proportion of females diagnosed with primary lung cancer is increasing. Patients get diagnosed at a later stage of the disease, which calls for screening and early detection of lung cancer.


Keywords: Lung cancer, death, smoking, gender.


 

References

1. Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, et al. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer. 2019;144:1941–53. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31937. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
2. Thun MJ, Carter BD, Feskanich D, Freedman ND, Prentice R, Lopez AD, et al. 50-year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:351–64. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1211127. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
3. Barta JA, Powell CA, Wisnivesky JP. Global Epidemiology of Lung Cancer. Ann Glob Health. 2019 Jan 22;85(1):8. doi: 10.5334/aogh.2419. PMID: 30741509; PMCID: PMC6724220.
4. Alberg AJ, Samet JM. Epidemiology of lung cancer. Chest. 2003;123(1 Suppl):21S–49. doi: 10.1378/chest.123.1_suppl. 21s. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
5. Boffetta P, Pershagen G, Jöckel K-H, et al. Cigar and pipe smoking and lung cancer risk: A multicenter study from Europe. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1999; 91(8): 697–701. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/91.8.697 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar].
6. Humble CG, Samet JM. Smoking and lung cancer in New Mexico. Am J Public Health. 1986;76:1361. doi: 10.2105/ajph. 76.11.1361. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
7. Young RP, Hopkins RJ, Christmas T, Black PN, Metcalf P and Gamble GD. COPD prevalence is increased in lung cancer, independent of age, sex and smoking history. European Respiratory Journal. 2009; 34(2): 380–386. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00144208 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar].
8. Bharate Ramesh Tukaram, Mhaisekar D G, Anil Maske. Clinical profile of lung cancer patients. MedPulse International Journal of Medicine. 2017;1:54–8. Available from: https://www.medpulse.in/Medicine . [Google Scholar].
9. Kaur H, Sehgal IS, Bal A, Gupta N, Behera D, Das A, et al. Evolving epidemiology of lung cancer in India: Reducing non-small cell lung cancer-not otherwise specified and quantifying tobacco smoke exposure are the key. Indian J Cancer. 2017;54:285–90. doi: 10.4103/ijc. IJC_597_16. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
10. Prasad R, James P, Kesarwani V, Gupta R, Pant MC, Chaturvedi A, et al. Clinicopathological study of bronchogenic carcinoma. Respirology. 2004;9:557–60. doi: 10.1111/j. 1440-1843.2004.00600.x. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
11. Dey A, Biswas D, Saha SK, Kundu S, Kundu S, Sengupta A. Comparison study of clinicoradiological profile of primary lung cancer cases: An Eastern India experience. Indian J Cancer. 2012;49:89–95. doi: 10.4103/0019-509X.98930. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
12. Krist AH, Davidson KW, Mangione CM, Barry MJ, Cabana M, Caughey AB, et al. Screening for lung cancer: US Preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;325:962–70. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.1117. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
13. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics. 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–49. doi: 10.3322/caac. 21660. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
14. Fu JB, Kau TY, Severson RK, Kalemkerian GP. Lung cancer in women: Analysis of the national surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Chest. 2005;127:768–77. doi: 10.1378/chest. 127.3.768. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
15. Edwards BK, Brown ML, Wingo PA, Howe HL, Ward E, Ries LA, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2002, featuring population-based trends in cancer treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:1407–27. doi: 10.1093/jnci/dji289. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
16. Thomas L, Doyle LA, Edelman MJ. Lung cancer in women: Emerging differences in epidemiology, biology, and therapy. Chest. 2005;128:370–81. doi: 10.1378/chest. 128.1.370. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
17. Pearl R. Tobacco smoking and longevity. Science. 1938;87:216–7. doi: 10.1126/science.87.2253.216. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
18. Hill A, Doll R. Smoking and carcinoma of the lung;Preliminary report. Br Med J. 1950;2:739–48. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.4682.739. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
19. Kshetrimayum S, Srivastava A, Kant S, Verma AK, Prakash V, Bajaj DK, et al. A study of the sociodemographic, clinical, pathological and radiological profile of lung cancer in a tertiary care center. Int J Adv Med. 2016;3:920–7. doi: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20163724. [Google Scholar].
20. Parsons A, Daley A, Begh R, Aveyard P. Influence of smoking cessation after diagnosis of early stage lung cancer on prognosis: systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010 Jan 21;340:b5569. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b5569. PMID: 20093278;PMCID: PMC2809841. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
21. Sun S, Schiller JH, Gazdar AF. Lung cancer in never smokers--A different disease. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007;7:778–90. doi: 10.1038/nrc2190. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
22. Pandhi N, Malhotra B, Kajal N, Prabhudesai RR, Nagaraja CL, et al. Clinicopathological profile of patients with lung cancer visiting Chest and TB Hospital Amritsar. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences. 2015;3:802–9. [Google Scholar].
23. Buccheri G, Ferrigno D. Lung cancer: Clinical presentation and specialist referral time. Eur Respir J. 2004;24:898–904. doi: 10.1183/09031936.04.00113603. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
24. Kocher F, Hilbe W, Seeber A, Pircher A, Schmid T, Greil R, et al. Longitudinal analysis of 2293 NSCLC patients: A comprehensive study from the TYROL registry. Lung Cancer. 2015;87:193–200. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.12.006. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
25. Ramani V, Bijit C, Vinu S, Belagutti JS, Radheshyam N. Clinicopathological profile of lung cancers at an institute from South India—A record based retrospective cohort study. Adv Lung Cancer. 2020;09:41–54. doi: 10.4236/alc.2020.93005. [Google Scholar].
26. Panigrahi MK, Saka VK, Jaganathan V, Sinnassamy M, Narahari NK. Changing trend of clinical and epidemiological profile of lung cancer –Experience from a tertiary care centre in southern India. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2018;12:LC01–3. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2018/36768.12148. [Google Scholar].
27. Travis WD, Brambilla E, Noguchi M, Nicholson AG, Geisinger KR, Yatabe Y, et al. International association for the study of lung cancer/american thoracic society/european respiratory society international multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol. 2011;6:244–85. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318206a221. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].
28. U.S. Cancer Statistics: Lung Cancer Stat Bite | CDC.
29. Lung cancer statistics | World Cancer Research Fund International (wcrf.org).
Published
2024-04-30
How to Cite
DIMITRIEVSKA, Ljubica et al. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LUNG CANCER PATIENTS IN NORTH MACEDONIA. Journal of Morphological Sciences, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 1, p. 57-66, apr. 2024. ISSN 2545-4706. Available at: <https://jms.mk/jms/article/view/vol7no1-8>. Date accessed: 05 oct. 2024.
Section
Articles