ASSESSMENT OF SLEEP QUALITY DURING WINTER SEMESTER IN UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS ENROLLED AT UKIM, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, SKOPJE, REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess sleep quality in medical students from all study years enrolled at Faculty of Medicine, UKIM, Skopje during winter semester of the academic year 2022/23. An online survey including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a questionnaire regarding demographic variables (age and gender) was available via Google Forms to a cohort of students at three time points (the beginning, the middle and the end) of the winter semester. A total of 113 students from all years, aged 18-28, responded. Eighty percent of them were female and 20% were male. The PSQI is a self-report questionnaire that assesses overall sleep quality during an one month time interval. It consists of 19 questions regarding subjective sleep quality, the latency, duration, efficiency of sleep, sleep disorders, the use of sleep medications and daytime dysfunction. A total PSQI score can be calculated and it ranges from 0 to 21 with a higher score indicating poorer sleep quality. The mean value of the total PSQI score increased from the first to the third time point of the study (7.8 ±3.3; 8.1±3.4; 8.4±3.5 respectively) (p=0.172). More than 60% of the students (62.2%; 63.7%; 64.1% respectively) showed poor sleep quality (PSQI >5), with 31% using sleeping medication. Sleep duration in 75% of students was shorter than 7 hours, with 11% sleeping less than five hours. A reduction in overall sleep quality can be observed in medical students during the winter semester.
Keywords: sleep quality, PSQI, medical students
References
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2. Binjabr MA, Alalawi IS, Alzahrani RA, et al. The worldwide prevalence of sleep problems among medical students by problem, country, and COVID-19 status: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of 109 studies involving 59427 participants. Curr Sleep Med Rep 2023; 3: 1-19.
3. Patel D, Steinberg J, Patel P. Insomnia in the Elderly: A Review. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14(6):1017–24.
4. Morin CM, Jarrin DC. Epidemiology of Insomnia: Prevalence, Course, Risk Factors, and Public Health Burden. Sleep Med Clin. 2022 Jun;17(2):173-191. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.003. Epub 2022 Apr 23. PMID: 35659072.
5. McArdle N, Ward SV, Bucks RS, et al. The prevalence of common sleep disorders in young adults: a descriptive population-based study. Sleep. 2020;43(10):zsaa072. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa072.
6. Lund HG, Reider BD, Whiting AB, Prichard JR. Sleep patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students. J Ad Health. 2010;46:124–132.
7. Becker SP, Jarrett MA, Luebbe AM, et al. Sleep in a large, multi-university sample of college students: sleep problem prevalence, sex differences, and mental health correlates. Sleep Health 2018; 4(2):174-181.
8. Ali RM, Zolezzi M, Awaisu A, et al. Sleep Quality and Sleep Hygiene Behaviours Among University Students in Qatar. Int J Gen Med. 2023;16: 2427-2439.
9. Slavish DC, Asbee J, Veeramachaneni K, et al. The cycle of daily stress and sleep: sleep measurement matters. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55 (5): 413–23.
10. Rao WW, Li W, Qi H, Hong L, et al. Sleep Quality in Medical Students: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Sleep Breath 2020; 24: 1151–1165.
11. Seoane HA, Moschetto L, Orliacq F et al. Sleep disruption in medicine students and its relationship with impaired academic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;53:101333. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101333.
12. Yassin A, Al-Mistarehi A-H, Yonis OB, et al. Prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students and their association with poor academic performance: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg. 2020;58:124–129.
13. Zhang M, Qin L, Zhang D, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with insomnia among medical students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: characterization and associated factors. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23: 140 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04556-8.
14. Nsengimana A, Mugabo E, Niyonsenga J, et al. (2023). Sleep quality among undergraduate medical students in Rwanda: a comparative study. Sci Rep 2023;13(1): 265. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27573-9
15. Kosendiak AA, Adamczak BB, Kuźnik Z, et al. Impact of Medical School on the Relationship between Nutritional Knowledge and Sleep Quality - A Longitudinal Study of Students at Wroclaw Medical University in Poland. Nutrients. 2024; 16(2):278. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020278.
16. El Hangouche AJ, Jniene A, Aboudrar S, et al. Relationship between poor quality sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and low academic performance in medical students. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2018;7(9):631–8.
17. Jahrami H, Dewald-Kaufmann J, MeA-I F, et al. Prevalence of sleep problems among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health. 2020;28:605–622. doi: 10.1007/s10389-019-01064-6.
18. Almutairi H, Alsubaiei A, Abduljawad S, Alshatti A, Fekih-Romdhane F, Husni M, et al. Prevalence of burnout in medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022;68(6):1157–1170.
19. Yue L, Zhao R, Xiao Q, et al. The effect of mental health on sleep quality of front-line medical staff during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2021;16 (6): e0253753.
20. Minkel J, Moreta M, Muto J, et al. Sleep deprivation potentiates HPA axis stress reactivity in healthy adults. Health Psychology 2014; 33(11): 1430–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034219.
21. Mancevska S, Pluncevic J, Todorovska L, et al. Substance Use and Perceived Hassles among Junior Medical Students with High Anxiety Levels in the Republic of Macedonia. Iran J Public Health. 2014 Oct;43(10):1451-3. PMID: 26060708; PMCID: PMC4441899.
22. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4. PMID: 2748771.
23. Shafiee A. Fili J, Ghafari S,et al. (2024). The prevalence of sleep disturbance and its possible associated factors among iranian medical students: A cross-sectional study with a national meta-analysis. Sleep medicine 2024; X( 7):, 100107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleepx.2024.100107.
24. Rezaei M, Khormali M, Akbarpour S, et al. Sleep quality and its association with psychological distress and sleep hygiene: a cross-sectional study among pre-clinical medical students. Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2018; 11(4): 274–80. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20180043.
25. Attal BA, Bezdan M, Abdulqader A. Quality of Sleep and Its Correlates among Yemeni Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sleep Disord. 2021; 2021:8887870. doi: 10.1155/2021/8887870.
26. Mazar D, Gileles-Hillel A, Reiter J. Sleep education improves knowledge but not sleep quality among medical students. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(6):1211-1215.
27. Abdussalam A, Salman MT, Gupta S, Trivedi M, Faruqi M. Poor Quality of Sleep and Its Relationship with Depression in First Year Medical Students. Adv. Life Sci. Technol. 2013;12:17–21.
28. Khero M, Fatima M, Shah MAA, et al. Comparison of the Status of Sleep Quality in Basic and Clinical Medical Students. Cureus. 2019;11(3):e4326.
29. Corrêa CC, Oliveira FK, Pizzamiglio DS, et al. Sleep quality in medical students: a comparison across the various phases of the medical course. J Bras Pneumol. 2017;43(4):285-289.
30. Al-Sayed AA, Al-Rashoudi AH, Al-Eisa AA, et al. Sedative Drug Use among King Saud University Medical Students A Cross-Sectional Sampling Study. Depress Res Treat. 2014;2014:378738–378738. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/378738.
Published
2024-04-30
How to Cite
MANCEVSKA, Sanja; PISLEVSKI, Matej; PLUNCEVIC GLIGOROSKA, Jasmina.
ASSESSMENT OF SLEEP QUALITY DURING WINTER SEMESTER IN UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS ENROLLED AT UKIM, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, SKOPJE, REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA.
Journal of Morphological Sciences, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 1, p. 17-24, apr. 2024.
ISSN 2545-4706.
Available at: <https://jms.mk/jms/article/view/vol7no1-3>. Date accessed: 21 dec. 2024.
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