DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OPTIC DISC PIT MACULOPATHY- CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Abstract
Optic disc pit is an oval depression that is usually located in the temporal sector of the papilla nervi optici. It can be asymptomatic, but can also be the cause of maculopathy, optic disc pit-associated maculopathy (OPM). Its etiology is still not fully known, but modern imaging techniques in ophthalmology (OCT and OCT-A) have helped to better understand the pathophysiology of this entity. The purpose of this paper is to present a case with optic disc pit maculopathy, but also to give an overview of the pathogenesis, clinical aspects, imaging methods and therapeutic modalities in the management of patients with this pathology.
Keywords: optic disc pit, pars plana vitrectomy, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, optic disc pit maculopathy.
References
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2. Wiethe T. Ein Fall von angeborene Difformitat der Sehnervenpapille. Arch Augenh. 1982;11:14-9.
3. Theodossiadis G. Evolution of congenital pit of the optic disk with macular detachment in photocoagulated and nonphotocoagulated eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1977 Nov;84(5):620-31. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(77)90375-0. PMID: 930990.
4. Moisseiev E, Moisseiev J, Loewenstein A. Optic disc pit maculopathy: when and how to treat? A review of the pathogenesis and treatment options. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2015 Aug 7;1:13. doi: 10.1186/s40942-015-0013-8. PMID: 27847606; PMCID: PMC5088488.
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7. Jain N, Johnson MW. Pathogenesis and treatment of maculopathy associated with cavitary optic disc anomalies. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 Sep;158(3):423-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.06.001. Epub 2014 Jun 14. PMID: 24932988.
8. Iyer PG, Flynn HW Jr, Fan KC, Berrocal AM, Goldhardt R. Optic Pit Maculopathy: Clinical Features and Management Options. Curr Ophthalmol Rep. 2021 Dec;9(4):158-167. doi: 10.1007/s40135-021-00274-0. Epub 2021 Oct 7. PMID: 35178287; PMCID: PMC8845502.
9. Giuffrè G. Optic pit syndrome. Doc Ophthalmol. 1986;64(2):187-99. doi: 10.1007/BF00159993. PMID: 3608759.
10. Imamura Y, Zweifel SA, Fujiwara T, Freund KB, Spaide RF. High-resolution optical coherence tomography findings in optic pit maculopathy. Retina. 2010 Jul-Aug;30(7):1104-12. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181d87ecb. PMID: 20523264.
11. FERRY AP. MACULAR DETACHMENT ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL PIT OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD. PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN TWO CASES SIMULATING MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF THE CHOROID. Arch Ophthalmol. 1963 Sep;70:346-57. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1963.00960050348014. PMID: 14048795.
12. Brown GC, Shields JA, Patty BE, Goldberg RE. Congenital pits of the optic nerve head. I. Experimental studies in collie dogs. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979 Jul;97(7):1341-4. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1979.01020020083020. PMID: 454276.
13. Kuhn F, Kover F, Szabo I, Mester V. Intracranial migration of silicone oil from an eye with optic pit. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006 Oct;244(10):1360-2. doi: 10.1007/s00417-006-0267-9. Epub 2006 Mar 8. PMID: 16523301.
14. Brown GC, Shields JA, Goldberg RE. Congenital pits of the optic nerve head. II. Clinical studies in humans. Ophthalmology. 1980 Jan;87(1):51-65. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35278-0. PMID: 7375086.
15. Laud K, Visaetsilpanonta S, Yannuzzi LA, Spaide RF. Autofluorescence imaging of optic pit maculopathy. Retina. 2007 Jan;27(1):116-9. doi: 10.1097/01.iae.0000247168.07776.6f. PMID: 17218928.
16. Theodossiadis GP, Ladas ID, Panagiotidis DN, Kollia AC, Voudouri AN, Theodossiadis PG. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographic findings in congenital optic disk pit associated with macular detachment. Retina. 1999;19(1):6-11. doi: 10.1097/00006982-199901000-00002. PMID: 10048367.
17. Gowdar JP, Rajesh B, Giridhar A, Gopalakrishnan M, Hussain R, Thachil T. An insight into the pathogenesis of optic disc pit-associated maculopathy with enhanced depth imaging. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015 Apr;133(4):466-9. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.6093. PMID: 25675311.
18. Adams MK, Cohen SY, Souied EH, Goldenberg D, Loewenstein A, Olsen TW, Pulido JS. MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF CHOROIDAL AND OPTIC DISK VESSELS NEAR OPTIC DISK PITS. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2020 Fall;14(4):289-296. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000765. PMID: 30045152.
19. Parikakis EA, Chatziralli IP, Peponis VG, Karagiannis D, Stratos A, Tsiotra VA, Mitropoulos PG. Spontaneous Resolution of Long-Standing Macular Detachment due to Optic Disc Pit with Significant Visual Improvement. Case Rep Ophthalmol. 2014 Mar 27;5(1):104-10. doi: 10.1159/000362263. PMID: 24761149; PMCID: PMC3995387.
20. Prasad PS, Shah SP, Reddy S, Hubschman JP. Resolution of serous maculopathy associated with optic disk pits and incontinentia pigmenti using oral acetazolamide. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2011 Summer;5(3):267-9. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0b013e3181f63ab5. PMID: 25390182.
21. Lei L, Li T, Ding X, Ma W, Zhu X, Atik A, Hu Y, Tang S. Gas tamponade combined with laser photocoagulation therapy for congenital optic disc pit maculopathy. Eye (Lond). 2015 Jan;29(1):106-14. doi: 10.1038/eye.2014.245. Epub 2014 Oct 17. PMID: 25323852; PMCID: PMC4289836.
22. Theodossiadis GP, Chatziralli IP, Theodossiadis PG. Macular buckling in optic disc pit maculopathy in association with the origin of macular elevation: 13-year mean postoperative results. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2015 May-Jun;25(3):241-8. doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000553. Epub 2015 Jan 1. PMID: 25588593.
23. Rayat JS, Rudnisky CJ, Waite C, Huang P, Sheidow TG, Kherani A, Tennant MT. LONG-TERM OUTCOMES FOR OPTIC DISK PIT MACULOPATHY AFTER VITRECTOMY. Retina. 2015 Oct;35(10):2011-7. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000576. PMID: 25923958.
2. Wiethe T. Ein Fall von angeborene Difformitat der Sehnervenpapille. Arch Augenh. 1982;11:14-9.
3. Theodossiadis G. Evolution of congenital pit of the optic disk with macular detachment in photocoagulated and nonphotocoagulated eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1977 Nov;84(5):620-31. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(77)90375-0. PMID: 930990.
4. Moisseiev E, Moisseiev J, Loewenstein A. Optic disc pit maculopathy: when and how to treat? A review of the pathogenesis and treatment options. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2015 Aug 7;1:13. doi: 10.1186/s40942-015-0013-8. PMID: 27847606; PMCID: PMC5088488.
5. Steel DHW, Suleman J, Murphy DC, Song A, Dodds S, Rees J. Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy: A Two-Year Nationwide Prospective Population-based Study. Ophthalmology. 2018 Nov;125(11):1757-1764. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.05.009. Epub 2018 Jun 7. PMID: 29887331.
6. Stefko ST, Campochiaro P, Wang P, Li Y, Zhu D, Traboulsi EI. Dominant inheritance of optic pits. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997 Jul;124(1):112-3. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71656-3. PMID: 9222245.
7. Jain N, Johnson MW. Pathogenesis and treatment of maculopathy associated with cavitary optic disc anomalies. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 Sep;158(3):423-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.06.001. Epub 2014 Jun 14. PMID: 24932988.
8. Iyer PG, Flynn HW Jr, Fan KC, Berrocal AM, Goldhardt R. Optic Pit Maculopathy: Clinical Features and Management Options. Curr Ophthalmol Rep. 2021 Dec;9(4):158-167. doi: 10.1007/s40135-021-00274-0. Epub 2021 Oct 7. PMID: 35178287; PMCID: PMC8845502.
9. Giuffrè G. Optic pit syndrome. Doc Ophthalmol. 1986;64(2):187-99. doi: 10.1007/BF00159993. PMID: 3608759.
10. Imamura Y, Zweifel SA, Fujiwara T, Freund KB, Spaide RF. High-resolution optical coherence tomography findings in optic pit maculopathy. Retina. 2010 Jul-Aug;30(7):1104-12. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181d87ecb. PMID: 20523264.
11. FERRY AP. MACULAR DETACHMENT ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL PIT OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD. PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN TWO CASES SIMULATING MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF THE CHOROID. Arch Ophthalmol. 1963 Sep;70:346-57. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1963.00960050348014. PMID: 14048795.
12. Brown GC, Shields JA, Patty BE, Goldberg RE. Congenital pits of the optic nerve head. I. Experimental studies in collie dogs. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979 Jul;97(7):1341-4. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1979.01020020083020. PMID: 454276.
13. Kuhn F, Kover F, Szabo I, Mester V. Intracranial migration of silicone oil from an eye with optic pit. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006 Oct;244(10):1360-2. doi: 10.1007/s00417-006-0267-9. Epub 2006 Mar 8. PMID: 16523301.
14. Brown GC, Shields JA, Goldberg RE. Congenital pits of the optic nerve head. II. Clinical studies in humans. Ophthalmology. 1980 Jan;87(1):51-65. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35278-0. PMID: 7375086.
15. Laud K, Visaetsilpanonta S, Yannuzzi LA, Spaide RF. Autofluorescence imaging of optic pit maculopathy. Retina. 2007 Jan;27(1):116-9. doi: 10.1097/01.iae.0000247168.07776.6f. PMID: 17218928.
16. Theodossiadis GP, Ladas ID, Panagiotidis DN, Kollia AC, Voudouri AN, Theodossiadis PG. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographic findings in congenital optic disk pit associated with macular detachment. Retina. 1999;19(1):6-11. doi: 10.1097/00006982-199901000-00002. PMID: 10048367.
17. Gowdar JP, Rajesh B, Giridhar A, Gopalakrishnan M, Hussain R, Thachil T. An insight into the pathogenesis of optic disc pit-associated maculopathy with enhanced depth imaging. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015 Apr;133(4):466-9. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.6093. PMID: 25675311.
18. Adams MK, Cohen SY, Souied EH, Goldenberg D, Loewenstein A, Olsen TW, Pulido JS. MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF CHOROIDAL AND OPTIC DISK VESSELS NEAR OPTIC DISK PITS. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2020 Fall;14(4):289-296. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000765. PMID: 30045152.
19. Parikakis EA, Chatziralli IP, Peponis VG, Karagiannis D, Stratos A, Tsiotra VA, Mitropoulos PG. Spontaneous Resolution of Long-Standing Macular Detachment due to Optic Disc Pit with Significant Visual Improvement. Case Rep Ophthalmol. 2014 Mar 27;5(1):104-10. doi: 10.1159/000362263. PMID: 24761149; PMCID: PMC3995387.
20. Prasad PS, Shah SP, Reddy S, Hubschman JP. Resolution of serous maculopathy associated with optic disk pits and incontinentia pigmenti using oral acetazolamide. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2011 Summer;5(3):267-9. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0b013e3181f63ab5. PMID: 25390182.
21. Lei L, Li T, Ding X, Ma W, Zhu X, Atik A, Hu Y, Tang S. Gas tamponade combined with laser photocoagulation therapy for congenital optic disc pit maculopathy. Eye (Lond). 2015 Jan;29(1):106-14. doi: 10.1038/eye.2014.245. Epub 2014 Oct 17. PMID: 25323852; PMCID: PMC4289836.
22. Theodossiadis GP, Chatziralli IP, Theodossiadis PG. Macular buckling in optic disc pit maculopathy in association with the origin of macular elevation: 13-year mean postoperative results. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2015 May-Jun;25(3):241-8. doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000553. Epub 2015 Jan 1. PMID: 25588593.
23. Rayat JS, Rudnisky CJ, Waite C, Huang P, Sheidow TG, Kherani A, Tennant MT. LONG-TERM OUTCOMES FOR OPTIC DISK PIT MACULOPATHY AFTER VITRECTOMY. Retina. 2015 Oct;35(10):2011-7. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000576. PMID: 25923958.
Published
2023-12-27
How to Cite
PANDILOV, Stefan; SEKERINOV, Natasa Trpevska.
DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OPTIC DISC PIT MACULOPATHY- CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW.
Journal of Morphological Sciences, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 3, p. 176-182, dec. 2023.
ISSN 2545-4706.
Available at: <https://jms.mk/jms/article/view/vol6no3-23>. Date accessed: 21 dec. 2024.
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