PLACENTA PRAEVIA AND IT'S OUTCOMES IN CHILDBIRTH
Abstract
Placenta previa is a problem during pregnancy when the placenta fully or partially covers the opening of the uterus (cervix). The aim of this study is to determine the incidence, obstetric risk factors, maternal mortality and morbidity and perinatal outcomes in women presented with placenta previa. A total of 100 pregnant women with placenta previa were analyzed from October 2021 to December 2022. year. After applying the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, these women were analyzed in terms of their age, parity, gestational age and clinical characteristics in presentation, history of warning bleeding, duration of hospitalization, need for blood transfusion, period of pregnancy in childbirth and pathway of childbirth. A total of 90% of the births were complicated by Placenta previa, including 30.0% of women over 30 years of age and 80% were multipara. 60.4% had large-scale placenta previa, 33% had previous birth by caesarean section, 6.4% had a previous abortion, 12% of the cases had postpartum bleeding and 3.7% had adherent placenta.
Key words: placenta praevia, caesarian section, blood transfusion.
References
2. Kiondo P., Wandabwa J., Doyle P. Risk factors for placenta praevia presenting with severe vaginal bleeding in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. African Health Sciences. 2008; 8(1): 44–49.
3. Ezechi O. C., Kalu B. K. E., Nwokoro C. A., Njokanma F. O., Loto O. M., Okeke G. C. Placenta praevia: a study of risk factors, maternal and fetal outcome. Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2004; 21(2): 131–134. doi: 10.4314/tjog.v21i2.14487.
4. Zlatnik MG, Cheng YW, Norton ME, Thiet MP, Caughey AB. Placenta previa and the risk of preterm delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2007; 20(10): 719-23.
5. Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. The effect of placenta previa on neonatal mortality: a population-based study in the United States, 1989 through 1997. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 188(5): 1299-304.
6. Bose DA, Assel BG, Hill JB, Chauhan SP. Maintenance tocolytics for preterm symptomatic placenta previa: a review. Am J Perinatol. 2011; 28(1): 45-50.
7. Silver, R. Abnormal placentation: Placenta previa, vasa previa, and placenta accreta. Obstet Gynecolol. 2015; 126: 654-68.
8. Allen BC, Leyendecker JR. Placental evaluation with magnetic resonance. Radiol Clin North Am. 2013; 51(6): 955-66.
9. Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams J , Lockwood C, Moore T, Greene M. Placenta previa, placenta accreta, abruptio placentae, and vasa previa. Creasy and Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. 7th edn. Saunders: Philadelphia, PA 2014; 732-742.
10. Choi SJ, Song SE, Jung KL, Oh SY, Kim JH, Roh CR. Antepartum risk factors associated with peripartum cesarean hysterectomy in women with placenta previa. Am J Perinatol. 2008; 25(1): 37-41.
11. Adere A, Mulu A, Temesgen F. Neonatal and Maternal Complications of Placenta Praevia and Its Risk Factors in Tikur Anbessa Specialized and Gandhi Memorial Hospitals: Unmatched Case-Control Study. J Pregnancy. 2020; doi: 10.1155/2020/5630296.
12. Zhang L, Bi S, Du L. et al. Effect of previous placenta previa on outcome of next pregnancy: a 10-year retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020; 20(212). doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-02890-3.
13. Salim NA, Ismail S. Risk factors of placenta previa with maternal and neonatal outcome at Dongola/Sudan. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2021; 10(3): 1215-1217. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2111_20
14. Gibbins KJ, Einerson BD, Varner MW, Silver RM. Placenta previa and maternal hemorrhagic morbidity. The journal of maternal – fetal & neonatal medicine. 2017; 21.
15. Herkowitz R, Fraser D, Mazor M, Leiberman JR. One or multiple previous cesarean sections are associated with similar increased frequency of placenta praevia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol. 1995; 62: 185–8.
